: Generally in the development of a project, a conceptual 2D drawing is first created. In this all pipelines are drawn at zero z co-ordinate. This is then converted into a 3D scale model, to check interference of pipe lines. 2D General Arrangement (GA) drawings are used for fabrication on site. A GA drawing is generally on A0 or A1 size paper and contains a lot of lines, and may not be easy to understand pipe routine.

A0 or A1 size drawing is to big to handle. A pipe fabricator can understand GA drawing better only with the help of 3D scale model. But 3D scale model can not be put on a paper, and 3D scale model does not indicate dimensions. To aid pipe fabricator on site, isometric drawings are prepared. An isometric drawing is generally on a A3 size paper. A pipe fabricator can read the drawing and understand pipe routine easily.

Pipeline isometric is a technical drawing in the form of an isometric image for the design and manufacture of pipelines. Pipeline isometric shows the pipeline not to scale and simplified with all its details and dimensions in length, width and height, in which the main axes of the three dimensions cross under 60°. PIPING ISOMETRIC PROGRAM. AutoCAD and IntelliCAD Package is prepared in such a manner that it can be easily customized. PIPING ISOMETRICS is such a customized program in my PROGRAMS for PIPING Series, for AutoCAD Release 12/13/14, 2000 to 2008 and IntelliCAD. The program is based totally on AutoLISP programs and there are only 4 small symbols.

Also pipe fabricator can pick up material required for fabrication of pipe line from stores, with the help of Bill of Material given in isometric drawing. ISO vs ORTHOGRAPHIC Simplicity (Only one pipe line is drawn in one A3 size paper).

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In a orthographic view it is not a problem if the pipe runs in one plane, but when a pipe runs in two or three planes (north to south, then down and then to the west, etc.) an orthographic view can be unclear. More number of drawings needed in orthographic views than ISO to represent the same piping system. Sectional views are required for clarity of pipe routing Unlike orthographic drawings, piping isometric drawings allow the pipe line to be drawn in a manner by which the length, width and depth are shown in a single view.

Isometrics are usually drawn from information found on a plan and sectional elevation views. The symbols that represent fittings, Valves and flanges are modified to adapt to the isometric grid. The Iso, as isometric is commonly referred, is oriented on the grid relative to the north arrow found on plan drawings. Because isos are not drawn to scale, accurate dimensions are required to specify exact lengths of piping runs.

Pipe lengths are determined through calculations using coordinates and elevations. Vertic al lengths of pipe are calculated using center line elevations of pipe lines, while horizontal lengths are calculated using north-south and east-west coordinates. Piping isometr ics are gener ally produced from orthog raphic drawin gs and are impor tant pieces of inform ation to engineers. In very complex or large piping systems, piping isometrics are essential to the design and manufacturing phases of a project. Piping isometrics are often used by designers prior to a stress analysis and are also used by draftsmen to produce shop fabrication spool drawings. Isometrics are the most important drawings for installation contractors during the field portion of the project.